The numbers for royalty financing transactions in the first half of 2025 look promising, with one commentator going so far to state, “Faced with a bleak equity market and tightening credit, drug developers from Boston to Basel turned to royalty monetization as a lifeline.” (see, https://www.p05.org/royalty-financing-rescues-biopharma-a-h1-2025-global-analysis/)
Q2 2025: Life Sciences Capital Markets Recap
Despite positive momentum in the life sciences capital markets throughout 2024 and expectations for increased favorability in both public and private investment avenues in 2025, the second quarter of 2025 continued a trend of subdued activity for the sector. As of mid-2025, life sciences companies continue to navigate a challenging financing environment, as evidenced by the statistics below and against a backdrop of the XBI and BBC both suffering moderate declines while the broader market is up 8% for the year. In the public markets, public equity capital remains scarce and issuers are heavily favoring confidential offerings to mitigate market and execution risk following key clinical read-outs. In the private markets, venture capital investors remain selective and are favoring de-risked, later-stage assets, while smaller, early-stage companies are continuing to weather an extended “biotech winter”.
Is There a Duty to Disclose FDA Feedback?
The Trustees of Welfare & Pension Funds of Local 464A – Pension Fund v. Medtronic PLC, 726 F. Supp. 3d 938 (D. Minn. 2024).
Case Highlights
On March 28, 2024, a federal district court held that positive statements about the prospect of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a company’s latest product were not sufficiently alleged to be false or misleading even though the company did not disclose that it had received a Form 483—a form issued by the FDA following an inspection that lists objectionable conditions an investigator believes violate the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and other related acts. The plaintiffs in The Trustees of Welfare & Pension Funds of Local 464A – Pension Fund v. Medtronic PLC (“Medtronic”), 726 F. Supp. 3d 938 (D. Minn. 2024), filed a lawsuit alleging that Medtronic misled investors when it disclosed that the application process for FDA approval for its next generation insulin pump designed to manage type 1 diabetes—the MiniMed 780G (780G)—was “on track.” The plaintiffs alleged that this statement led investors to believe that FDA approval was likely when, in fact, Medtronic had received a Form 483 following the FDA’s inspection of a Medtronic facility, which ultimately led to an FDA warning letter and a decision to delay approval. Medtronic’s stock price dropped when it announced that it could no longer include FDA approval of 780G in its guidance for fiscal year 2023. The plaintiffs claimed that the defendants had a duty to disclose Medtronic’s receipt of Form 483—which it had received approximately six months before the warning letter was disclosed—given Medtronic’s disclosures that its submission for FDA approval of 780G was “on track.” While the court acknowledged that this was a “close[ ] question,” it found that the complaint did not allege that the “on track” statement was false or misleading. The court distinguished Public Pension Fund Group v. KV Pharmaceutical Company (“KV Pharmaceutical”), 679 F. 3d 972 (8th Cir. 2012), where the Eighth Circuit held that defendants in that case had a duty to disclose the receipt of Form 483 when they told shareholders that the company was compliant with FDA regulations given “numerous, severe, and pervasive objectionable conditions” covering “the entire range of the defendants’ operations and products.” Here, unlike KV Pharmaceutical, the Medtronic complaint did not allege how the issues raised in Form 483 would necessarily doom or impact the timeline for FDA approval and the defendants never represented that Medtronic was in compliance with all FDA regulations.
National Venture Capital Association Addresses “Shadow Trading” Concerns Summer Updates to Form of CDA and Model PIPE Documents
The National Venture Capital Association (NVCA) has continued its commitment to standardizing venture financing documents by incorporating new language into its form confidential disclosure agreement (CDA) aimed at addressing the emerging “shadow trading” issue in light of the SEC v. Panuwat case. This update should help to standardize shadow trading carveouts in CDAs, which have initially varied in their adoption and have sometimes been met with resistance by counterparties based on a misunderstanding of the Panuwat holding.
Potential Impacts of Most-Favored-Nation Executive Order on Ex-US License Agreements
Introduction
On May 12, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an Executive Order titled “Delivering Most-Favored-Nation Prescription Drug Pricing to American Patients”. This order aims to address the perceived imbalance where the United States funds a significant portion of global pharmaceutical profits and pays high prices, while drug manufacturers offer deep discounts to access foreign markets, subsidizing those lower prices through higher prices in the United States. The stated purpose of the Executive Order is to ensure that Americans are not forced to pay almost three times more for the same medicines and have access to the most-favored-nation (MFN) price.
Gibson Dunn and BCLT Host a Webcast Series on Royalty Finance, the UCC, and Issues of Recharacterization
Gibson Dunn has partnered with the UC Berkeley Center for Law & Technology on a three-part webcast series that discusses issues originally raised in a Law 360 article on royalty financing written by partners Todd Trattner and Ryan Murr.
In the series, partners Todd Trattner, Ryan Murr, Jin Hee Kim, and Jeffrey Krause and associates Kali Jelen, Anthony Hajj, and Michael Farag provide an in-depth exploration of royalty finance, the treatment of synthetics under the UCC, and the risks of a sale of a synthetic royalty being recharacterized as a loan in bankruptcy.
The series is designed to educate biotechnology stakeholders (investors, entrepreneurs, companies, and their attorneys) on best practices for monetizing and investing in a synthetic royalty so that they can embark on such transactions with greater certainty.
To access the series, visit:
- Panel 1 – Royalty Finance: Structures, Trends and Synthetics
- Panel 2 – Synthetic Royalty Financings and the UCC
- Panel 3 – Synthetic Royalty Financings: Risks of Recharacterizing a True Sale (available May 20)
You can watch the series for free using the code “BCLT-GD” at checkout.
“Deal Lawyers Download” Podcast: Shell Companies and Reverse Mergers
Listen to Ryan Murr, Branden Berns, and James Moloney discuss reverse mergers and how recent actions by the SEC have influenced the ways that reverse mergers are structured and the implications of those actions for those companies considering a reverse merger on the “Deal Lawyers Download” podcast produced by DealLawyers.com.
Listen here (subscription required).
The Current Landscape of Reverse Mergers: An In-Depth Analysis and Q&A
Branden Berns and Ryan Murr are the authors of “The Current Landscape of Reverse Mergers: An In-Depth Analysis and Q&A” [PDF] published by DealLawyers.com on April 2, 2025.
Royalty Report: Royalty Finance Transactions in the Life Sciences 2020-2024
This Royalty Report provides an analysis of publicly reported royalty finance transactions for the last five years (2020 to 2024) in the life sciences sector, focusing on both traditional and synthetic royalty transactions. Traditional royalty transactions encompass monetizations of royalties under existing license agreements. Synthetic royalty transactions involve the sale of a portion of future product sales, rather than the sale of an existing future royalty entitlement.
Life Sciences Securities Litigation Insights: Even Marketing Materials Can Subject Issuers to Securities Fraud Claim
Case Highlights:
On May 7, 2024, a federal district court dismissed securities fraud claims brought against a pharmaceutical company related to a marketing slogan used to promote the company’s drug. At issue in Sneed v. AcelRx Pharms., Inc. (“Sneed”)[1], was AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s (“AcelRx”) marketing slogan, “Tongue and Done,” used to promote its FDA-approved drug DSUVIA, an opioid painkiller. AcelRx had presented the “Tongue and Done” slogan on its website, among other places, to highlight the ease of administering DSUVIA (i.e., sublingually) compared to other opioid painkillers, which are administered either orally (which requires a patient’s ability to swallow) or via intravenous injection.
Key Takeaways: Life Sciences 2025 Outlook: Capital Markets Webcast (March 19)
Melanie Neary, Branden Berns, and Ryan Murr of Gibson Dunn, along with Bud O’Hara of Jefferies, hosted a Life Sciences 2025 Outlook: Capital Markets webcast on Wednesday, March 19, 2025, breaking down capital market trends, deal activity, and industry expectations for life sciences in 2025.
Introducing the Royalty Finance Tracker
Dear friends and colleagues,
We are excited to introduce the Gibson Dunn Royalty Finance Tracker (https://www.gibsondunn.com/royalty-finance-tracker/) in conjunction with the launch of Biotech Briefings, where we have compiled all publicly announced royalty finance transactions amongst the most active funds that have occurred since January 1, 2020.
Key Takeaways: Life Sciences 2025 Outlook: Royalty Finance Webcast (March 12)
Todd Trattner and Ryan Murr of Gibson Dunn and Doug Prescott of TD Cowen hosted a Life Sciences 2025 Outlook: Royalty Finance webcast on Wednesday, March 12, in which they provided an integrated outlook on royalty finance in the life sciences industry, identifying trends and uncertainties that will shape the year ahead.
Join us: Life Sciences 2025 Outlook: Capital Markets Webcast (March 19)
You’re invited! Please join Ryan Murr, Branden Berns and Melanie Neary of Gibson Dunn and Bud O’Hara of Jefferies for a Life Sciences 2025 Outlook: Capital Markets webcast on Wednesday, March 19 from 1 – 1:45 pm ET / 10 – 10:45 am PT. We will provide an integrated outlook on capital markets in the life sciences industry, identifying trends and uncertainties that will shape the year ahead.
Introducing Biotech Briefings
Dear friends and colleagues,
We are excited to introduce Biotech Briefings, providing Gibson Dunn’s commentary and perspectives on the legal, business, and regulatory issues shaping the life sciences industry.
From groundbreaking developments in biopharma, medical devices, and diagnostics to the evolving landscape of IP, FDA and SEC regulation, Biotech Briefings delivers timely insights for companies, investors, and industry stakeholders.
Stay tuned for expert analysis on:
- Key FDA, FTC & SEC developments
- M&A, financing & strategic partnerships
- Market dynamics shaping investment & innovation
We invite you to follow along for actionable insights at the crossroads of law, business, and science.
The Gibson Dunn Life Sciences Team
Life Sciences 2025 Outlook
The life sciences industry is entering 2025 with a largely favorable set of catalysts for the coming year, but also with some larger risks that will impact companies differently.
Delaware Court of Chancery Opines on the Meaning of “Commercially Reasonable Efforts” in a Pharmaceutical Earn-Out Provision
Observations and drafting suggestions for CRE terms in merger agreements, licenses, and royalty purchase agreements.
On April 30, 2024, the Delaware Court of Chancery held that the buyer in a life sciences merger and its successor had not breached their contractual obligations under an earn-out provision to use commercially reasonable efforts (“CRE”) to achieve regulatory approvals for a pharmaceutical product. In Himawan, et al. v. Cephalon, Inc., et al., Vice Chancellor Glasscock found that the merger agreement’s definition of CRE for purposes of the earn-out provision, which referred to the efforts of a company with substantially the same resources and expertise as the buyer, required the Court to analyze whether a reasonable actor faced with the circumstances would continue to pursue the development of a drug that had failed to meet one of its co-primary endpoints in an earlier clinical trial.[1]
Behind The ‘CVR Spin’ Method Of Unlocking Assets In M&A
San Francisco partner Ryan Murr, Washington, D.C. partner Stephen Glover and San Francisco partner Branden Berns are the authors of “Behind The ‘CVR Spin’ Method Of Unlocking Assets In M&A” [PDF] published by Law360 on March 11, 2024.
Life Sciences Review and Outlook – 2024
This update provides a recap of 2023 highlights for capital markets, M&A activity, royalty finance transactions and clinical funding arrangements, along with expectations for 2024.
The past five years have been particularly tumultuous in the biopharma sector. Strong capital markets and M&A activity into early 2020 were whipsawed during the pandemic, with equity valuations climbing significantly through early 2021 before dropping dramatically through the fourth quarter of 2023.
OpEd: How to Get Value for Non-Core Assets With CVR Spinoffs
Ryan Murr, Stephen Glover and Branden Berns are the authors of “OpEd: How to Get Value for Non-Core Assets With CVR Spinoffs” published by The Deal on March 7, 2024.
How Biotech Cos. Can Utilize Synthetic Royalty Financing
San Francisco of counsel Todd Trattner and partner Ryan Murr are the authors of “How Biotech Cos. Can Utilize Synthetic Royalty Financing” [PDF] published by Law360 on February 1, 2024.
Webcast: Raising Capital in the Current Environment V: ATM Programs and Rights Offerings
In the current equity capital markets environment, innovative offerings that avoid massive dilution can be advantageous. ATM offering programs provide public companies an efficient means of raising capital over time by allowing a company to tap into the existing trading market for its shares on an as-and-when-needed basis. Rights offerings allow public companies to raise capital while offering all current shareholders the opportunity to participate equally, thereby allowing each shareholder to avoid objectionable dilution when trading prices are relatively low.